Upaya Pengentasan Kemiskinan Petani Gurem Studi Kasus pada Penangkaran Benih Jagung Hibrida di PT Citra Nusantara Mandiri Solok

Abstract

In the first semester of 2025, approximately 23,854,916 Indonesians (8.6% of the population) lived below the poverty line with rural poverty (11.0%) exceeding urban poverty (6.7%). The agricultural sector contributed 47.9% to national poverty, largely due to the dominance of smallholder farmers. Around 72.2% of farmers are smallholders, and 61.0% are subsistence farmers with land ownership of less than 0.5 hectares per household, resulting in an average annual income of only IDR 5.23 million. Based on these criteria, 653 households situated across 24 villages or sub-districts were obtained as subsistence farmers. Total population of farmers were 714 households. This study examines the advantages and profit elevation as hybrid maize seed production partnership between PT Citra Nusantara Mandiri Solok and seed growers in West Sumatra on fiscal year 2025.  The partnership system involves the company as the nucleus and the seed growers as the plasma. Data analysis commenced with the calculation of net income and the evaluation of economic viability utilizing the revenue-cost (R/C) ratio method. Consequent to an R/C ratio > 1.3, the data were subjected to an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Upon detecting significant variance, a post-hoc Least Significant Difference (LSD) test was performed at a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). The farmers' net income was subsequently compared against the poverty line standards established by the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS, 2025) and the World Bank (2025). By cultivating higher-value commodities supported by appropriate agrotechnology, farmers are able to increase land productivity and income without expanding land area. The program has remained sustainable due to farmers’ satisfaction with its benefits and profitability. Results show that farmers’ income increased by up to 69.7% compared to commercial hybrid maize cultivation The revenue-cost (R/C) ratio ranged from 3.6 to 8.7, with a mean of 5.6. This significantly exceeds the benchmark R/C ratio, indicating that the partnership is economically feasible. With a mean net income ranging between IDR 7,760,043 and IDR 19,250,266, none of the locations are on par with developed countries. Compared to middle-income countries, 20.8% of the locations perform significantly better, while 45.8% are empirically equivalent. The study also indicates that 14 villages (77.8%) sit at or above the rural poverty threshold, whereas all urban locations (100.0%) are at or above the urban poverty threshold.The findings indicate that hybrid maize seed production partnerships can effectively reduce poverty among subsistence farmers, particularly in rural areas, and have a strong potential as a strategy for rural poverty alleviation or at least to elevate farmers’ income.