Pengaruh Jenis Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula dan Konsentrasi Pupuk Organik Cair Yomari Terhadap Pembibitan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) Pada Media Bekas Tambang Kapur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25077/jagur.7.2.112-120.2025Keywords:
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, former limestone mine soil, oil palm, pre-nursery propagation, seedling growth, Yomari liquid organic fertilizerAbstract
The use of ex-limestone mining land as an alternative planting medium requires technological innovation to overcome nutrient limitations and unfavorable soil conditions. This study aims to determine the effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) types and Yomari liquid organic fertilizer (POC) concentrations on the growth of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedlings at the pre-nursery stage in limestone mining waste soil. This experimental research was conducted in February - May 2025. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Garden UPT, Faculty of Agriculture, and Plant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, Padang. The design used was a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors, namely the type of AMF (Glomus sp., Gigaspora sp., and a combination of Glomus sp. x Gigaspora sp.) and the concentration of Yomari POC (0; 0.5; 1.0; and 1.5 mL L⁻¹) which were each repeated three times, resulting in 36 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of 9 plants, with 5 samples for destructive observation and 4 samples for non-destructive observation, resulting in a total of 324 sample plants. The results showed no significant interaction between AMF types and POC concentrations on all growth parameters. However, individually, the AMF Glomus sp. type proved to be the most effective in supporting the growth of oil palm seedlings, as indicated by a high percentage of root colonization, increased phosphorus (P) uptake, and an increase in root length and volume. Meanwhile, the application of POC Yomari at a concentration of 1.0 mL L⁻¹ resulted in the best seedling growth, indicated by an increase in P uptake parameters, root length, and root volume. This indicates that the application of Glomus sp. AMF and POC Yomari at a dose of 1.0 mL L⁻¹ is effective in supporting the growth of oil palm seedlings in post-limestone mine soil media. In addition, the results of this study provide a scientific basis for the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and liquid organic fertilizer as a sustainable soil management strategy for post-mining land rehabilitation and improvement of oil palm nursery practices.
Downloads
References
Afrizon. (2017). Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) Dengan Pemberian Pupuk Organik dan Anorganik. Agritepa, 3(2), 95–105.
Abbot, L. K. dan A. D. Robson. (2012). The Effect of Mychorrhizae on Plant Growth.CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton. Florida.
Andriani, R., Kurniahu, H., Sriwulan. (2019). Inventarisasi tumbuhan pionir lahan bekas tambang kapur di Kecamatan Rengel Kabupaten Tuban Jawa Timur. Biotropic, 3(1), 56-61.
Armansyah, A., Herawati, N., & Kristina, N. (2019). Keanekaragaman Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) di Rizosfer Tanaman Bengkuang (Pachyrizhus erosus (L) Mrb) Pada Berbagai Tipe Rotasi Pertanaman. Jagur Jurnal Agroteknologi, 3(1), 8-14.
Asmarahman, C., Budi, S. W., Wahyudi, I., dan Santoso, E. (2018). Identifikasi mikroba potensial Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) pada lahan pascatambang PT. Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Cibinong, Bogor, Jawa Barat. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan, 8(3), 279–285.
Brundrett, M., Bougher, N., Dell, B., Grove, T., & Malajczuk, N. (1996). Working with mycorrhizas in forestry and agriculture (Vol. 32, p. 374). Canberra: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research.
Chen, B., Tang X., Zhu, Y, Christie P. (2005). Metal concentrations and mycorrhizal status of plants colonizing copper mine tailings: potential for revegetation. Science in China Ser. C Life Sciences, 48(1), 156-164.
Direktorat Jenderal Perkebunan. (2022). Statistik Perkebunan Indonesia 2021-2022. Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia.
Direktorat Jendral Perkebunan (2023). Statistik Perkebunan Unggulan Nasional 2021-2023. In Direktorat Jendral Perkebunan Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia. Sekertariat Direktorat jendral perkebunan.
Fataya, A. D., Silawibawa, I. P., & Dulur, N. W. D. (2023). Pengaruh Pupuk Organik Cair Limbah Tahu dan Urea Terhadap Infeksi Mikoriza, Serapan P, dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.). Journal of Soil Quality and Management, 2(1), 7–13.
Fauzi, Y., Y.E.Widyastuti, I.Satyawibawa, dan R.H Paeru. (2012). Kelapa Sawit. Penebar Swadaya : Jakarta.
Hartati, S., Prasetya, B., dan Kusuma, Z. (2020). Pengaruh jenis media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Jurnal Agronomi Tropika, 21(1), 45-56.
Hasanah, C. (2024). Pengaruh Konsentrasi Pupuk Organik Cair Yomari Dan Jenis Mikoriza Pada Media Tanah Bekas Tambang Kapur Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Gaharu (Aquilaria Malacensis Lamk.). Padang. Fakultas Pertanian. Universitas Andalas. 90 hal.
Hazra, F, Gusmaini, dan D Wijayanti. (2019). Aplikasi bakteri endofit dan mikoriza terhadap kandungan unsur N, P dan K pada pembibitan tanaman lada. Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan. 21(1): 42–50.
Khan. A. G. (2006). Mycorrhizoremediation-an enhanced form of phytoremediation. Journal of Zhejiang University Science, 7(7), 503–514.
Kimi. A. P. (2020). Respons Pertumbuhan Beberapa Spesies Gaharu (Aquilaria Sp.) Akibat Pemberian FMA (Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula) Pada Media Tanah Bekas Tambang Kapur. Padang. Universitas Andalas.
Koide, R. T., & Kabir, Z. (2000). Extraradical hyphae of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices can hydrolyse organic phosphate. New Phytologist, 148(3), 511-517.
Kumar, A., dan Pandey, A. (2013). Evaluating Impact of Coal Mining Activity on Landuse/Landcover Using Temporal Satellite Images in South Karanpura Coalfields and Environs, Jharkhand State, India. International Journal Of Advanced Remote Sensing And GIS, 2(1), 183-197.
Nusantara, A.D., Bertham, Y.H. dan Mansur, I. (2012). Bekerja Dengan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula. Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor dan SEAMEO BIOTROP. Bogor.
Palasta, R., & Rini, M. V. (2017). Pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit dengan aplikasi fungi mikoriza arbuskular dan beberapa dosis pupuk fosfat. AIP Conference Proceedings, 5(2), 97–106.
Phillips, J. M., & Hayman, D. S. (1970). Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Transactions of the British mycological Society, 55(1), 158-IN18.
Prihantoro, I., Soewondo, P. D. M. H. K., Aditia, E. L., & Nisabillah, S. (2023). Kualitas Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) yang diproduksi dengan teknik fortifikasi dan fertigasi berbeda pada pertumbuhan Indigofera zollingeriana. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia (JIPI), 28(3), 377–385.
Rahayu, R., Nurhayati, E., dan Firmansyah, M. (2022). Peran Fungi Mikoriza Tunggal terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Serapan Fosfor pada Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan, 24(1), 45–53.
Rahmad. (2024). Respon Berbagai Varietas Bibit Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) Terhadap Pemberian Dosis Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) Pada Tanah Ultisol. Tesis. Program Pascasarjana Agronomi, Universitas Andalas.
Rahmawaty. (2002). Restorasi Lahan Bekas Tambang Berdasarkan Kaidah Ekologi. Program Ilmu Kehutanan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara. Digitized by USU digital library.
Rokhminarsi, E., Begananda dan D.S. Utami. (2020). Yield and Quality of Tomatoes On the Giving of Mikotricho and NPK Fertilizer. Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia. 11(3), 192-201.
Saifuddin. (1995). Kesuburan Tanah dan Pemupukan Tanah. Postal. Bandung.
Saputra, B., Riza, L. dan Lovadi, I. (2015). Jamur mikoriza vesikular (MVA) pada tiga jenis tanah rhizosfer tanaman pisang nipah (Musa paradisiaca L. var. nipa) di Kabupaten Pontianak. Jurnal Protobiont 4(1):160-169.
Saputra, W., Yusuf, M., & Hidayat, T. (2022). Karakteristik tanah bekas tambang kapur dan upaya rehabilitasinya. Jurnal Reklamasi Lahan, 10(1), 22-35.
Sari, M., Husna, H., Hadini, H., & Tuheteru, F. D. (2024). Uji efektivitas Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula lokal dan pupuk organik cair terhadap pertumbuhan jeruk keprok Siompu pada media tanah pascatambang aspal Buton. Jurnal Berkala Penelitian Agronomi (Journal of Agronomi Research), 12(1), 33–42.
Setiadi, Y. (2001). Mikoriza dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi Pusat Antar Universitas IPB. IPB Press. Bogor.
Simanjuntak, N. K., M. Muzar dan S. Alby. (2023). Respon Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merril) Terhadap Aplikasi Berbagai Dosis Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskular (CMA). Agronitas. 5(2):372-382.
Smith, S. E. dan Read. D. J. (2008). Mycorrhizal symbiosis. Third ed. New York (US): Academic Press.
Surakarta, DA., dan Simanungkalit, R.D.M. (2006). Pupuk Organik dan Pupuk Hayati. Jawa Barat: Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian. Hal 2. ISBN 978-979-9474-57-5.
Sutanto R. (2005). Dasar-dasar Ilmu Tanah. Konsep dan Kenyataan. Kanisius. Yogyakarta.
Taufik, M., A. F. Aziez, dan Tyas, S. (2010). Dosis dan Cara Penempatan pemupukan Pupuk Organik Cair terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Jagung Hibrida Pakcoy. Agrineca, 10(2), 105-120.
Theodora, Santoso, E., and Pramulya, M., (2021)“Respon Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kecipir Terhadap Pemberian Pupuk Posfat dan Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) Keong Mas Pada Tanah Gambut”, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 6(11), 951–952., 13, pp. 15–38.
Wisnubroto, M.P., Armansyah., A. Anwar dan D. Suhendra. (2024). Eksplorasi dan Identifikasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular (FMA) serta Karakteristik Tanah Lahan Pasca Tambang Batu Bara pada Tingkat Kelerengan Berbeda di Kecamatan Talawi, Kota Sawahlunto. Jurnal Agrikultura. 35(1): 112 125.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Reja Ameilia, Auzar Syarif, Indra Dwipa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
